Tuesday, 12 June 2012

Interview question and Answers


1.What is lambda expression?
ans:representing method defination by using simple     expression is called as lambda expression

2.What are the different types of lambda expressions?
ans:there are two types of lambda expressions
  a)predicate:a lambda expression which is designed to    return either true or false 
  b)Projection:a lambda expression which is designed to   return other than true and false

3.where we can find use of lambda expression?
  ans:While working with LINQ(Language integrated Query)

4.What is delegate?
   ans:-delegate is reference type which can represent a     method
       -delegate object can contain reference of method
       -we can get reference of method by using method name 

5.what is the use of delegate?
  ans:-by using delegate we can invoke a method dynamically    with the help of reference of method
       -delegate is usefull to attach eventhandler to event
       -delegate is required while working with lambda         expressions

6.What is an event?
ans:it is action done by user that can be identified by OS   or application

7.What is EventHandler?
   ans:it is piece of code that is executed for an event

8.How to attach an eventHandler to event?
  ans:EventHandler can be attached to event by using   delegate

9.What is var keyword?
 ans:it is introduced from C# 3.0.with the help of var   keyword we can declare a local variable or method   variable
    -Var type variable can not be passed as parameter to a     Method
   -Var type variable must be initialized during      declaration itself
  -var type variable should not be initialized with null      but   it can contain reference of object

10.What is the advantage of var type variable?
   -no burden of boxing and unboxing
   -Type safty can be achived

11.Where can we find useage of var type variable?
   -We can find usage of var type variable while working      with LINQ

12.Can We create an object with out defining class?
  -yes.From c# 3.0,we can find this fecility.According to     object initialization appropriate class be generated by     compiler which is called as annonymous type

13.What is an extension method?
 -a method which is defined to extend functionality of     existing datatype is called as extension method
 -it is introduced from c#3.0

14.What are the rules need to be followed to define extension method?
  -Method must be defined as static 
  -it must be defined in static class
  -parameter passed must be of respective datatype
  -parameter must be preceded by this keyword

15.what is AppDomain?
  -it is temporary memory block maintained by CLR for .net    application
  -By default one appdomain will be maintained which is    called as default appdomain
  -Programmer can define his own appdomain according to   requirements

16.What is advantage of appdomain?
   -Appdomains are programmable
   -Independent of Operating System

17.Is it possible to have direct communication between appdomains?
 -no,each appdomain is maintained by CLR in locked mode
  -to have communication between two application domains we    need to make use of remoting or WCF

18.What is Thread?
   -Thread is a piece of code that can be executed parallely with another piece of code with in same process

19.Difference b/w out and ref parameters?
      -out parameter is write only variable inside method
      -out parameter must be preceded by out keyword
      -out parameter need not be initialized while passing      it method
      ref:
        -it is read/write variable inside method
       -it must be preceded by ref keyword
       -it must be initialized while passing it to method

20.What is property and its advantage?
    -it is member of class or struct which provides fexible       mechnism to read or write from and to a variable of     class or structure
    -it encapsulate  process of read and write from and to    the variable of class or structure

21.What perpose of params keyword?
    -params keyword is used specify array of parameters to    method
    -we can overload a method for  same type of parameters   with the help single method defination

22.Can we pass default values to arguments to the method?
      -yes ,it is possible from c#3.0


23.Difference between abstract class and interface?
      Abstract class:
      ------------------
       -it is partially unimplemented
       -complete abstraction not  possible
       -Constructors are allowed
       -Datamembers are allowed
       -Object can not be created
       -access modifiers are allowed in abstract class,by    default private will be considered
     Interface
     -----------
           -it is fully unimplemented
          -Complete abstraction is possible
         -Constructors are not allowed
         -Datamembers are not allowed
         -Access modifiers are not allowed for members of     interface,by default each member will be public
       -Object can not be created for interface

24.What is th base keyword?
  -base keyword is used to access base class members in   derived class
  -base keyword is used to invoke base class constructors   from derived class constructor 

25.What is difference b/w struct and class?
  structure:
--------------
    -struct is valuetype
    -struct does not all default constructor
    -struct does not allow protected access modifier
    -struct does not allow destructor 
    -Inheritance is not possible in struct
   -Virtual and abstract methods are not allowed in structure
  class:
-----------
  -class is reference type
 -all access modifiers are allowed
 -inheritance is possible
-all constructors are allowed
 -any type of method is allowed
 -Destructor is allowed

26.what is static constructor and when it will be invoked?
      -We can define constructor as static 
      -It must be parameterless
      -Access modifiers are not allowed
     -only static variables can be initialized
   -static constructor is invoked one only once when class    has been loaded into appdomain by class loader

27.Where u find the implementation of inheritance ?
     -we need to make use of inheritance in each  and every   implementation of .net applications.Every class will be    derived from System.Object

28.what is the this?
   -this is a predefined reference variable which can          contain reference of current object   
   -when formal parameter names and instance variable names    are same then instance variables can be differed from     parameters by using this

29.Is the filesystem is part of CLR or not?
    -no ,clr is not responsible for file system management.
  - it is the responsibility of OS to deal with filesystem     management

30.What is the serialization?
   -serialiazation is the process of converting object   content into required form with out distrubing state of    object

31.What is the deserialization?
    -It is process of constructing object back from given    format with distrubing state of object

32.What is the formatter?
   -Formatter is a program which provide fecility to   perform serialization and deserialization

33.What are different formatter available with .net framework?
   -.net framework provides  different predefined       formatters
     a)Soap formatter
     b)Binary formatter
    c)XmlFormatter

34.Where can u find usage of serialization and deserialization concept?
      -we find usage of serialization and deserialization      while working with distributed technologies like            remoting,wcf and webservices

35.Can we use this in static method?
     -no,this can not be used with static method

36.Why Main() must be defined as static method?
   -we can start the programm execution with out creating      object of class where Main() is defined.Since global        objects are not allowed in c#

37.Can we define Main() with in struct?
-  yes,we can define main method with in structure

38.Is IL language is OO language?
    -no

39.What is the assembly?
    -it is self described,language      independent,portable,reusable software component which       is created based on CLI Specifications

40.What is PE file?
   -An assembly with win32 header which is independent of      processor is called as PE file

41.How to convert assembly into PE file?
   -it can be done by using a tool called ilasm.exe

42.What is the difference between Encapsulation and class?
     -Encapsulation is OO concept,where as class is feature      of c# languge by which we can implement encapsulation

43.What is abstraction and how to implement complete abstraction in C#?
    -abstrction is nothing but hiding complete               implementation details 
     -in c# we can implement complete abstraction by using         interface

44.What is dll hell problem?How to avoid it?
      -In Win32 programming all dlls of all applications        are copied to System32 folder of OS.So that dll of one       application may be overwritten by dll of another          application if dlls are with same name
     -Due to uninstallation one application may effect dlls      of another application when shared dlls are used
    -We can overcome this problem by using assemblies and     GAC
45.What strong name key?
     -it is private /public key pair which is created based      on RSA algorithm

46.What is the perpose of privte key  of strong name key file?
       -Private key usefull to form digital signature which       required while installing assembly in GAC

47.What is the perpose of public key of strong name key file?
     -Public key token is usefull to identify assembly in    GAC

48.What are the different types of assemblies?
          -There are two categories of assemblies
         -private assembly:An assembly with out strong name          key is treated as private assembly
        -public assembly:an assembly with stong name key         and installed to GAC is called as public assembly
        
49.How to generate stongname key file?
     -by using a tool called sn.exe

50.What is digital signature?
       -Digital signature is combination of  private key      and Hash algorithm value

51.What are the disadvantages of private assembly?
      -Memory will be wasted
     -it is maintained as integral part application,so that      changes made to assembly will not be reflected to     application until recompilation

52.What are the advantages of public assembly?
      -There is no memory wastage
     -Assembly is refered by application dynamically ,if     changes are made to assembly automatically those     changes are reflected with out recompilation


53.What is the manifest?
    -it provides complete metadata of assembly

54.What are the different parts of asembly?
       -Win32 header
      -CLR Header
      -Manifest
      -ILCode
      -Other options

55.How to see the header information of assembly?
      -By using a tool called dumpbin.exe

56.What are the different parts of version number?
         <Major>:
          <Minor>:
           <Build>:
           <revision>:

57.What is new operator?
            -new operator will allocate memory dynamically             on managed heap.if allocation of memory is            successfull then it will return reference  of           memory block,otherwise it will return null
          -if base class member and derived class member is        same then derived class member can be precceded by         new 

58.What is managed heap?
         -The part of heap which is under the control of           clr is called as managed heap


59.What is the difference between managed code and unmanaged code?
             -A piece of code which can make use services             provided by clr is called as managed code or            safe code
           -A piece of code that can make use of services            provided by os directly is unmanaged code or           unsafe code


60.What are the differences between array and arraylist?
         -Array
          --------
                    -Array is typed collection   
                    -size of array is fixed
                   -it is represented by using System.Array
                   -No burden of boxing and unboxing
       -ArrayList:
         ------------
                  -it is untyped collection
                 -Size is dynamically increased
                -it is represented by                                   System.Collections.ArrayList
                -Extra burden of boxing and unboxing

61.What  are the differences between arraylist and List?
          ArrayList:
          ------------
                      -It is non generic collection
                     -Extra burden of boxing and unboxing
           List:
          -------
                 -it is a generic collection
                -No burden of boxing and unboxing


62.What is difference between hashtable and sorted list?
           -Both collections are used to maintain     disctionary,where data is stored in the form of      key,value pairs.
         -In hash table keys are taken randomly where in      sorted list key will be ascending order     

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